Month: އޮކްޓޫބަރު 2021

Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Source: US Courts Glossary

Akin to a preliminary injunction, it is a judge’s short-term order forbidding certain actions until a full hearing can be conducted. Often […]

A command, issued under a court’s authority, to a witness to appear and give testimony. Source: US Courts Glossary

A command to a witness to appear and produce documents. Source: US Courts Glossary

The act or process by which a person’s rights or claims are ranked below those of others. Source: US Courts Glossary

Latin, meaning “of its own will.” Often refers to a court taking an action in a case without being asked to do […]

A law passed by a legislature. Source: US Courts Glossary

The time within which a lawsuit must be filed or a criminal prosecution begun. The deadline can vary, depending on the type […]

A declaration made by a chapter 7 debtor concerning plans for dealing with consumer debts that are secured by property of the […]

A series of questions the debtor must answer in writing concerning sources of income, transfers of property, lawsuits by creditors, etc. (There […]

Degree of proof required. In criminal cases, prosecutors must prove a defendant’s guilt “beyond a reasonable doubt.” The majority of civil lawsuits […]

A special type of chapter 11 case in which there is no creditors’ committee (or the creditors’ committee is deemed inactive by […]

Parties to a lawsuit resolve their dispute without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in […]

The delivery of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. Source: US Courts Glossary

To separate. Sometimes juries are sequestered from outside influences during their deliberations. Source: US Courts Glossary

A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence for […]

The punishment ordered by a court for a defendant convicted of a crime. Source: US Courts Glossary

A federal judge who, after attaining the requisite age and length of judicial experience, takes senior status, thus creating a vacancy among […]

Debt backed by a mortgage, pledge of collateral, or other lien; debt for which the creditor has the right to pursue specific […]

A secured creditor is an individual or business that holds a claim against the debtor that is secured by a lien on […]

Lists submitted by the debtor along with the petition (or shortly thereafter) showing the debtor’s assets, liabilities, and other financial information. (There […]

A penalty or other type of enforcement used to bring about compliance with the law or with rules and regulations. Source: US […]

The act of a court setting aside the decision of a lower court. A reversal is often accompanied by a remand to […]

Send back. Source: US Courts Glossary

A procedure in a Chapter 7 case whereby a debtor removes a secured creditor’s lien on collateral by paying the creditor the […]