US Courts Glossary

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Chapter 7

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for "liquidation," that is, the sale of a debtor's nonexempt property and the distribution of the proceeds to creditors. In order to be eligible for Chapter 7, the debtor must satisfy a "means test." The court will …

Chapter 9

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for reorganization of municipalities (which includes cities and towns, as well as villages, counties, taxing districts, municipal utilities, and school districts). Source: US Courts Glossary

Chief judge

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The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court; chief judges are determined by seniority Source: US Courts Glossary

Claim

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A creditor's assertion of a right to payment from a debtor or the debtor's property. Source: US Courts Glossary

Class action

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A lawsuit in which one or more members of a large group, or class, of individuals or other entities sue on behalf of the entire class. The district court must find that the claims of the class members contain questions of law or fact in common before the …

Clerk of court

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

The court officer who oversees administrative functions, especially managing the flow of cases through the court. The clerk's office is often called a court's central nervous system. Source: US Courts Glossary

Collateral

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Property that is promised as security for the satisfaction of a debt. Source: US Courts Glossary

Common law

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The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States, which relies on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by legislation. Source: US Courts …

Community service

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A special condition the court imposes that requires an individual to work – without pay – for a civic or nonprofit organization. Source: US Courts Glossary

Complaint

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A written statement that begins a civil lawsuit, in which the plaintiff details the claims against the defendant. Source: US Courts Glossary

Concurrent sentence

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Prison terms for two or more offenses to be served at the same time, rather than one after the other. Example: Two five-year sentences and one three-year sentence, if served concurrently, result in a maximum of five years behind bars. Source: US Courts …

Confirmation

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Approval of a plan of reorganization by a bankruptcy judge. Source: US Courts Glossary

Consecutive sentence

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Prison terms for two or more offenses to be served one after the other. Example: Two five-year sentences and one three-year sentence, if served consecutively, result in a maximum of 13 years behind bars. Source: US Courts Glossary

Consumer bankruptcy

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A bankruptcy case filed to reduce or eliminate debts that are primarily consumer debts. Source: US Courts Glossary

Consumer debts

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Debts incurred for personal, as opposed to business, needs. Source: US Courts Glossary

Bail

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The release, prior to trial, of a person accused of a crime, under specified conditions designed to assure that person's appearance in court when required. Also can refer to the amount of bond money posted as a financial condition of pretrial release. Source: …

Bankruptcy administrator

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

An officer of the Judiciary serving in the judicial districts of Alabama and North Carolina who, like the United States trustee, is responsible for supervising the administration of bankruptcy cases, estates, and trustees; monitoring plans and disclosure …

Bankruptcy code

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The informal name for title 11 of the United States Code (11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1330), the federal bankruptcy law. Source: US Courts Glossary

Bankruptcy court

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The bankruptcy judges in regular active service in each district; a unit of the district court. Source: US Courts Glossary

Bankruptcy estate

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All interests of the debtor in property at the time of the bankruptcy filing. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor's property. Source: US Courts Glossary