US Courts Glossary

235ނިންމުން

Court reporter

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court, generally by using a stenographic machine, shorthand or audio recording, and then produces a transcript of the proceedings upon request. Source: US Courts Glossary

Court

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Government entity authorized to resolve legal disputes. Judges sometimes use "court" to refer to themselves in the third person, as in "the court has read the briefs." Source: US Courts Glossary

Credit counseling

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Generally refers to two events in individual bankruptcy cases: (1) the "individual or group briefing" from a nonprofit budget and credit counseling agency that individual debtors must attend prior to filing under any chapter of the Bankruptcy Code; and (2) …

Creditor

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A person to whom or business to which the debtor owes money or that claims to be owed money by the debtor. Source: US Courts Glossary

Damages

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Money that a defendant pays a plaintiff in a civil case if the plaintiff has won. Damages may be compensatory (for loss or injury) or punitive (to punish and deter future misconduct). Source: US Courts Glossary

De facto

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Latin, meaning "in fact" or "actually." Something that exists in fact but not as a matter of law. Source: US Courts Glossary

De jure

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Latin, meaning "in law." Something that exists by operation of law. Source: US Courts Glossary

De novo

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Latin, meaning "anew." A trial de novo is a completely new trial. Appellate review de novo implies no deference to the trial judge's ruling. Source: US Courts Glossary

Debtor’s plan

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A debtor's detailed description of how the debtor proposes to pay creditors' claims over a fixed period of time. Source: US Courts Glossary

Debtor

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A person who has filed a petition for relief under the Bankruptcy Code. Source: US Courts Glossary

Declaratory judgment

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A judge's statement about someone's rights. For example, a plaintiff may seek a declaratory judgment that a particular statute, as written, violates some constitutional right. Source: US Courts Glossary

Default judgment

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A judgment awarding a plaintiff the relief sought in the complaint because the defendant has failed to appear in court or otherwise respond to the complaint. Source: US Courts Glossary

Defendant

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

An individual (or business) against whom a lawsuit is filed. Source: US Courts Glossary

Deposition

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial. See discovery. Source: US Courts Glossary

Discharge

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A release of a debtor from personal liability for certain dischargeable debts. Notable exceptions to dischargeability are taxes and student loans. A discharge releases a debtor from personal liability for certain debts known as dischargeable debts and …

Chapter 12

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for adjustment of debts of a "family farmer" or "family fisherman," as the terms are defined in the Bankruptcy Code. Source: US Courts Glossary

Chapter 13 trustee

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A person appointed to administer a Chapter 13 case. A Chapter 13 trustee's responsibilities are similar to those of a Chapter 7 trustee; however, a Chapter 13 trustee has the additional responsibilities of overseeing the debtor's plan, receiving payments from …

Chapter 13

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for the adjustment of debts of an individual with regular income, often referred to as a "wage-earner" plan. Chapter 13 allows a debtor to keep property and use his or her disposable income to pay debts over time, …

Chapter 15

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code dealing with cases of cross-border insolvency. Source: US Courts Glossary

Chapter 7 trustee

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A person appointed in a Chapter 7 case to represent the interests of the bankruptcy estate and the creditors. The trustee's responsibilities include reviewing the debtor's petition and schedules, liquidating the property of the estate, and making …