US Courts Glossary

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Reaffirmation agreement

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

An agreement by a debtor to continue paying a dischargeable debt after the bankruptcy, usually for the purpose of keeping collateral or mortgaged property that would otherwise be subject to repossession. Source: US Courts Glossary

Record

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A written account of the proceedings in a case, including all pleadings, evidence, and exhibits submitted in the course of the case. Source: US Courts Glossary

Redemption

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A procedure in a Chapter 7 case whereby a debtor removes a secured creditor's lien on collateral by paying the creditor the value of the property. The debtor may then retain the property. Source: US Courts Glossary

Remand

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Send back. Source: US Courts Glossary

Reverse

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The act of a court setting aside the decision of a lower court. A reversal is often accompanied by a remand to the lower court for further proceedings. Source: US Courts Glossary

Sanction

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A penalty or other type of enforcement used to bring about compliance with the law or with rules and regulations. Source: US Courts Glossary

Schedules

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Lists submitted by the debtor along with the petition (or shortly thereafter) showing the debtor's assets, liabilities, and other financial information. (There are official forms a debtor must use.) Source: US Courts Glossary

Secured creditor

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A secured creditor is an individual or business that holds a claim against the debtor that is secured by a lien on property of the estate. The property subject to the lien is the secured creditor's collateral. Source: US Courts Glossary

Secured debt

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Debt backed by a mortgage, pledge of collateral, or other lien; debt for which the creditor has the right to pursue specific pledged property upon default. Examples include home mortgages, auto loans and tax liens. Source: US Courts Glossary

Senior judge

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A federal judge who, after attaining the requisite age and length of judicial experience, takes senior status, thus creating a vacancy among a court's active judges. A senior judge retains the judicial office and may cut back his or her workload by as much as …

Sentence

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The punishment ordered by a court for a defendant convicted of a crime. Source: US Courts Glossary

Sentencing guidelines

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence for a convicted defendant. Source: US Courts Glossary

Sequester

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

To separate. Sometimes juries are sequestered from outside influences during their deliberations. Source: US Courts Glossary

Service of process

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The delivery of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. Source: US Courts Glossary

Settlement

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Parties to a lawsuit resolve their dispute without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in at least partial satisfaction of the other party's claims, but usually do not include the admission of fault. Source: US …

Petition preparer

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A business not authorized to practice law that prepares bankruptcy petitions. Source: US Courts Glossary

Petition

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

The document that initiates the filing of a bankruptcy proceeding, setting forth basic information regarding the debtor, including name, address, chapter under which the case is filed, and estimated amount of assets and liabilities. Source: US Courts Glossary

Petty offense

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A federal misdemeanor punishable by six months or less in prison. Source: US Courts Glossary

Plaintiff

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A person or business that files a formal complaint with the court. Source: US Courts Glossary

Plan

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A debtor's detailed description of how the debtor proposes to pay creditors' claims over a fixed period of time. Source: US Courts Glossary