US Courts Glossary

235ނިންމުން

Motion

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A request by a litigant to a judge for a decision on an issue relating to the case. Source: US Courts Glossary

No-asset case

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A Chapter 7 case in which there are no assets available to satisfy any portion of the creditors' unsecured claims. Source: US Courts Glossary

Nolo contendere

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

No contest. A plea of nolo contendere has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose. Source: US Courts Glossary

Nondischargeable debt

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A debt that cannot be eliminated in bankruptcy. Examples include a home mortgage, debts for alimony or child support, certain taxes, debts for most government funded or guaranteed educational loans or benefit overpayments, debts arising from death or personal …

Nonexempt assets

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Property of a debtor that can be liquidated to satisfy claims of creditors. Source: US Courts Glossary

Objection to dischargeability

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A trustee's or creditor's objection to the debtor being released from personal liability for certain dischargeable debts. Common reasons include allegations that the debt to be discharged was incurred by false pretenses or that debt arose because of the …

Objection to exemptions

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A trustee's or creditor's objection to the debtor's attempt to claim certain property as exempt from liquidation by the trustee to creditors. Source: US Courts Glossary

Opinion

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A judge's written explanation of the decision of the court. Because a case may be heard by three or more judges in the court of appeals, the opinion in appellate decisions can take several forms. If all the judges completely agree on the result, one judge …

Oral argument

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An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions. Source: US Courts Glossary

Panel

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1. In appellate cases, a group of judges (usually three) assigned to decide the case; 2. In the jury selection process, the group of potential jurors; 3. The list of attorneys who are both available and qualified to serve as court-appointed counsel for …

Parole

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The release of a prison inmate – granted by the U.S. Parole Commission – after the inmate has completed part of his or her sentence in a federal prison. When the parolee is released to the community, he or she is placed under the supervision of a U.S. …

Party in interest

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A party who has standing to be heard by the court in a matter to be decided in the bankruptcy case. The debtor, U.S. trustee or bankruptcy administrator, case trustee, and creditors are parties in interest for most matters. Source: US Courts Glossary

Per curiam

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Latin, meaning "for the court." In appellate courts, often refers to an unsigned opinion. Source: US Courts Glossary

Peremptory challenge

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A district court may grant each side in a civil or criminal trial the right to exclude a certain number of prospective jurors without cause or giving a reason. Source: US Courts Glossary

Petit jury or trial jury

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A group of citizens who hear the evidence presented by both sides at trial and determine the facts in dispute. Federal criminal juries consist of 12 persons. Federal civil juries consist of at least six persons. Source: US Courts Glossary

Interrogatories

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A form of discovery consisting of written questions to be answered in writing and under oath. Source: US Courts Glossary

Issue

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1. The disputed point between parties in a lawsuit; 2. To send out officially, as in a court issuing an order. Source: US Courts Glossary

Joint administration

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A court-approved mechanism under which two or more cases can be administered together. (Assuming no conflicts of interest, these separate businesses or individuals can pool their resources, hire the same professionals, etc.) Source: US Courts Glossary

Joint petition

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

One bankruptcy petition filed by a husband and wife together. Source: US Courts Glossary

Judge

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An official of the Judicial branch with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts. Used generically, the term judge may also refer to all judicial officers, including Supreme Court justices. Source: US Courts Glossary