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The position of judge. By statute, Congress authorizes the number of judgeships for each district and appellate court. Source: US Courts Glossary
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The official decision of a court finally resolving the dispute between the parties to the lawsuit. Source: US Courts Glossary
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The policy-making entity for the federal court system. A 27-judge body whose presiding officer is the Chief Justice of the United States. Source: US Courts Glossary
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The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a certain type of case. It also is used as a synonym for venue, meaning the geographic area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to decide cases. Source: US Courts Glossary
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The study of law and the structure of the legal system Source: US Courts Glossary
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A judge's directions to the jury before it begins deliberations regarding the factual questions it must answer and the legal rules that it must apply. Source: US Courts Glossary
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The group of persons selected to hear the evidence in a trial and render a verdict on matters of fact. See also grand jury. Source: US Courts Glossary
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A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty which resulted in harm to the plaintiff. Source: US Courts Glossary
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A charge on specific property that is designed to secure payment of a debt or performance of an obligation. A debtor may still be responsible for a lien after a discharge. Source: US Courts Glossary
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A creditor's claim for a fixed amount of money. Source: US Courts Glossary
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The sale of a debtor's property with the proceeds to be used for the benefit of creditors. Source: US Courts Glossary
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A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Source: US Courts Glossary
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A judicial officer of a district court who conducts initial proceedings in criminal cases, decides criminal misdemeanor cases, conducts many pretrial civil and criminal matters on behalf of district judges, and decides civil cases with the consent of the …
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The court will evaluate the debtor's income and expenses to determine if the debtor may proceed under Chapter 7. Source: US Courts Glossary
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Special condition the court imposes to require an individual to undergo evaluation and treatment for a mental disorder. Treatment may include psychiatric, psychological, and sex offense-specific evaluations, inpatient or outpatient counseling, and medication. …
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As provided for in the Criminal Justice Act, an organization established within a federal judicial circuit to represent criminal defendants who cannot afford an adequate defense. Each organization is supervised by a federal public defender appointed by the …
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An attorney employed by the federal courts on a full-time basis to provide legal defense to defendants who are unable to afford counsel. The judiciary administers the federal defender program pursuant to the Criminal Justice Act. Source: US Courts Glossary
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Jurisdiction given to federal courts in cases involving the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution, acts of Congress, and treaties. Source: US Courts Glossary
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A serious crime, usually punishable by at least one year in prison. Source: US Courts Glossary
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To place a paper in the official custody of the clerk of court to enter into the files or records of a case. Source: US Courts Glossary
