US Courts Glossary

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Fraudulent transfer

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A transfer of a debtor's property made with intent to defraud or for which the debtor receives less than the transferred property's value. Source: US Courts Glossary

Fresh start

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

The characterization of a debtor's status after bankruptcy, i.e., free of most debts. (Giving debtors a fresh start is one purpose of the Bankruptcy Code.) Source: US Courts Glossary

Grand jury

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A body of 16-23 citizens who listen to evidence of criminal allegations, which is presented by the prosecutors, and determine whether there is probable cause to believe an individual committed an offense. See also indictment and U.S. attorney. Source: US …

Habeas corpus

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Latin, meaning "you have the body." A writ of habeas corpus generally is a judicial order forcing law enforcement authorities to produce a prisoner they are holding, and to justify the prisoner's continued confinement. Federal judges receive petitions for a …

Hearsay

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Evidence presented by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. With some exceptions, hearsay generally is not admissible as evidence at trial Source: US Courts Glossary

Home confinement

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A special condition the court imposes that requires an individual to remain at home except for certain approved activities such as work and medical appointments. Home confinement may include the use of electronic monitoring equipment – a transmitter attached …

Impeachment

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1. The process of calling a witness's testimony into doubt. For example, if the attorney can show that the witness may have fabricated portions of his testimony, the witness is said to be "impeached;" 2. The constitutional process whereby the House of …

In camera

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Latin, meaning in a judge's chambers. Often means outside the presence of a jury and the public. In private. Source: US Courts Glossary

In forma pauperis

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

In the manner of a pauper. Permission given by the court to a person to file a case without payment of the required court fees because the person cannot pay them. Source: US Courts Glossary

Inculpatory evidence

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Evidence indicating that a defendant did commit the crime. Source: US Courts Glossary

Indictment

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The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies. See also information. Source: US Courts Glossary

Information

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A formal accusation by a government attorney that the defendant committed a misdemeanor. See also indictment. Source: US Courts Glossary

Injunction

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A court order preventing one or more named parties from taking some action. A preliminary injunction often is issued to allow fact-finding, so a judge can determine whether a permanent injunction is justified. Source: US Courts Glossary

Insider of corporate debtor

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A director, officer, or person in control of the debtor; a partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; a general partner of the debtor; or a relative of a general partner, director, officer, or person in control of the debtor. Source: US Courts …

Insider of individual debtor

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

Any relative of the debtor or of a general partner of the debtor; partnership inwhich the debtor is a general partner; general partner of the debtor; or corporation of which the debtor is a director, officer, or person in control. Source: US Courts Glossary

Dischargeable debt

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A debt for which the Bankruptcy Code allows the debtor's personal liability to be eliminated. Source: US Courts Glossary

Disclosure statement

ބާވަތް: dictionaries

A written document prepared by the chapter 11 debtor or other plan proponent that is designed to provide "adequate information" to creditors to enable them to evaluate the chapter 11 plan of reorganization. Source: US Courts Glossary

Discovery

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Procedures used to obtain disclosure of evidence before trial. Source: US Courts Glossary

Dismissal with prejudice

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Court action that prevents an identical lawsuit from being filed later. Source: US Courts Glossary